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He realized that rapid rewarming of hypothermic tissues led to more severe frostbite and gangrene, and hence developed rewarming strategies to salvage very cold body tissues. Approximately 180 years ago, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey was the first to realize that tissues could recover from low temperatures. Hippocrates advocated packing bleeding patients in snow and ice. The impact of cold temperature on the human body has been studied by clinicians for long time. We focus our discussion on neuroprotective agents that are currently in clinical trials. This review covers pharmacological and cell-based strategies under investigation that fall into the category of neuroprotection, neurorecovery, or both. Therefore, neurorecovery approaches are being developed that promote the repair of disrupted neural networks during the subacute and chronic phase of ischemic stroke. The regeneration of the brain after damage is still active days and even weeks after the stroke occurs, which might provide a second window for treatment. After the infarct has developed, recovery of motor and cognitive function occurs to a variable degree through a number of pathways, including recruitment of existing but latent connections and development of new neurons and neural connections. Thus far, no protective agent has been shown to improve outcome in phase III clinical trials, but newer approaches continue to be investigated. More than 20 years of research has focused on discovering and developing so-called neuroprotective agents that might intervene in this ischemic cascade.
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Cerebral ischemia activates a cascade of biochemical events that ultimately lead to the death of brain cells. There are at least two other major categories of investigational therapies that are currently under development for ischemic stroke, which are: 1) neuroprotection and 2) neurorecovery approaches.
#Modo 801 imperial Activator
The only treatment for ischemic stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), focuses on recanalization to reduce the size of ischemic damage.
#Modo 801 imperial trial
In this review, we highlight select pharmacologic and cell-based therapies that are currently in the clinical trial stage for stroke. Several agents of great promise are currently in the middle to late stages of the clinical trial setting and may emerge in routine practice in the near future.
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A huge number of neuroprotective agents have been designed to interrupt the ischemic cascade, but therapeutic trials of these agents have yet to show consistent benefit, despite successful preceding animal studies. Regeneration of the brain after damage is still active days and even weeks after a stroke occurs, which might provide a second window for treatment. The pathophysiology of stroke is complex and it involves excitotoxicity mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, oxidative damage, ionic imbalances, apoptosis, angiogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurorestoration. To date, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only United States Food and Drug Administration approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke, but its use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window. Current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke primarily focus on reducing the size of ischemic damage and rescuing dying cells early after occurrence. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.